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Operational efficiency: CBN overhauls cash reserve policy to boost banking efficiency

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…Raises Customs exchange rate to N1,413.62 amidst opposition from importers

…FG dismiss rumours of converting domiciliary deposits to Naira

By Sodiq Adelakun

The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has announced a significant overhaul of its Cash Reserve Requirement (CRR) policy.

The revamped framework, which has been communicated to all banks through an official letter, introduces a shift from the previous daily CRR debits to a more predictable and structured mechanism.

Under the new policy, the CBN has declared an end to the daily deductions from banks’ reserves, a practice that was previously employed to regulate the economy’s money supply.

The updated CRR mechanism is designed to aid banks in better planning and liquidity management, allowing for more accurate monitoring and alignment of their records with the CBN’s standards.

The CBN’s revised approach will continue to apply the existing CRR ratios—32.5 percent for commercial banks and 10 percent for merchant banks. However, the calculation will now be based on increases in the weekly average adjusted deposits, rather than the total deposits.

This adjustment means that the reserve requirement will only affect the additional deposits banks receive over the course of a week, providing them with greater financial flexibility.

In a bid to stimulate more lending to the real sector, the CBN has also introduced a punitive measure for banks that fail to meet the minimum Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR).

Banks that do not reach the prescribed lending threshold will face a CRR levy of 50 percent on the shortfall amount. This initiative is intended to incentivise banks to extend more credit, thereby supporting economic growth through increased access to finance.

The CBN has assured that it will provide each bank with clear directives on the required reserve amounts and any applicable charges for insufficient lending.

The new linkage of CRR compliance with LDR targets is expected to encourage banks to contribute more actively to the nation’s economic expansion by facilitating a higher volume of loans to businesses and individuals.

The Acting Director of the Banking Supervision Department at CBN, Dr. Adetona S. Adedeji, has signed a circular stating that the framework is in line with the objective of maintaining monetary stability while promoting economic growth.

…CBN raises Customs exchange rate to N1,413.62 amidst opposition from importers

However, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has once again increased the Customs exchange rate, this time to N1,413.62 per dollar, just a day after an earlier hike.

The new rate, which reflects a significant rise from the previous N1,356.883, is now active on the Customs trade portal.

This latest adjustment, coming on the heels of a substantial 43 percent increase on Friday, has been met with strong resistance from importers and Customs brokers.

The Chief Executive Officer of the Centre for the Promotion for Private Enterprise (CPPE), Dr. Muda Yusuf, has voiced his concern, labeling the increase as “devastating” for businesses in all sectors.

Dr. Yusuf highlighted the dire implications of the 42.5 percent hike in the exchange rate used for import duty calculations, which soared from N952 to N1,413.62.

According to him, the move is likely to exacerbate inflation by raising production and operational costs, further impoverishing the already vulnerable segments of the population.

The CPPE has urgently called on the CBN to reconsider and reverse the rate increase, citing the detrimental impact on the populace and numerous businesses teetering on the brink of collapse.

Dr. Yusuf emphasised the severity of the policy’s immediate implementation, given the current economic challenges and the recent currency devaluation that has pushed the official exchange rate to around N1,400.

Businesses are still reeling from the shocks of these financial adjustments, and the CPPE warns that the compounded effects of the new rate could lead to widespread economic disruptions and dislocations.

“The CPPE recommends that, going forward, the determination of the exchange rate for import duty computation should be treated as a fiscal policy matter and located within the remit of the fiscal authorities which is the finance ministry. This is necessary for proper alignment with extant fiscal policies.

The National Coordinator of the National Association of Government Approved Freight Forwarders (NAGAFF), Alhaji Tanko Ibrahim, told our reporter that the apex bank is not yet done with its fiddling with the Customs exchange rate as it plans to increase it again soon to N1500 per dollar.

“I heard from the grapevine that the CBN plans to push the Customs exchange rate to as high as N1,500 per dollar. That is their target and they are going to do it soon,” he claimed.

…CBN dismiss rumours of converting domiciliary deposits to Naira

In a firm response to widespread rumours, both the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and the Federal Government have categorically denied any intentions to convert the $30 billion in domiciliary deposits into the local currency, naira.

The Minister of Finance and the Coordinating Minister of the Economy, Wale Edun, issued a statement on Saturday, refuting the claims as baseless and entirely false.

The Minister emphasised that such reports are detrimental to the efforts being made to stabilise the economy and rebuild confidence in the naira.The CBN, taking to its official X (formerly Twitter) account on February 3, 2024, also labeled the circulating report as fake news.

The CBN reassured depositors that their foreign currency holdings in domiciliary accounts are secure and there would be no conversion to naira.

In an effort to quell the market’s anxieties, the acting Director of Corporate Communications at the CBN, Mrs. Hakama Sidi-Ali, released a statement condemning the allegations as not only false but also as a deliberate attempt to incite panic in the foreign exchange market.

The government and the central bank have urged the public to disregard such reports and reassured stakeholders that the sanctity of domiciliary accounts remains inviolate.

The clarification comes at a critical time when the government is striving to ensure economic stability and protect the integrity of the national currency.

“The publication of such falsehood. at a time when the government is working  to restore economic stability and confidence in the national currency is tantamount to economic sabotage.

“For the avoidance of doubt, I emphasise that depositors’ foreign currency in their domiciliary accounts will not be converted to naira.”

The CBN in its post said, “No plans to convert $30bn domiciliary deposits to naira. This news is fake!’’ 

The acting Director, Corporate Communications of the CBN, Mrs. Hakama, Sidi-Ali, in a statement described the allegation as false and aimed at causing panic in the foreign exchange market.

She said, “The attention of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has been drawn to a story published by a national newspaper alleging that the Federal Government is considering converting $30 billion domiciliary deposits to Naira.

“This allegation is absolutely false and aims to trigger panic in the foreign exchange market, which the CBN is working assiduously to stabilize, as evidenced by its recent work and policy directions.

“Similar false narratives have been spread about the work of the CBN over the past few months and it is clear that vested interests are determined to sabotage our efforts.

“We want to assure the general public that CBN is working to build confidence and would never do anything to undermine the currency and the economy.

“We, therefore, urge all stakeholders to disregard stories aimed at causing panic in the system and see them clearly for what they are – acts of national sabotage.

“We wish to advise, in the strongest terms, against the peddling of false reports that have the potential to be disruptive to the economy.

The Bank is the only designated authority for monetary policy changes and will always advise on any policy change(s) before they are brought into operation.

“The CBN is always open to answer questions about our policies.”

Reports had earlier emerged that the Federal Government is considering a policy that will result in the conversion of foreign currencies in domiciliary accounts of citizens to naira to stabilise the national currency, which earlier this week recorded its worst performance in history especially in the official window.

According to the alleged plans, the government is expected to order the conversion of foreign currencies sitting idly in individuals’ and corporate organisations’ domiciliary accounts to naira at a rate to be determined by the CBN.

This is meant to stabilise the naira, which recorded its biggest fall in the official Nigerian Foreign Exchange Market (NAFEM) on Monday, to close at N1,348 per dollar.

The presidency source is reported to have claimed that the problem of forex scarcity and the naira fall was an elite issue, adding that the Federal Government would not fold its arms and continue to watch some individuals hoarding foreign currencies at the expense of the naira.

The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) recently issued a new circular addressing suspicions of excessive foreign currency speculation and hoarding by Nigerian banks.

The circular introduced a set of guidelines aimed at mitigating the risks associated with these practices. Titled “Harmonisation of Reporting Requirements on Foreign Currency Exposures of Banks,” the circular expresses the CBN’s concerns regarding the increasing trend of banks holding significant foreign currency positions.

The apex bank accused banks of maintaining excessive foreign exchange positions and had given them until February 1, 2024, to sell off any excess dollars in their possession.

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NDIC to pay depositors of 96 failed microfinance banks from debt recoveries, others

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The Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC) has said it will pay depositors of closed microfinance and primary mortgage banks after recovering debts from those owing the failed banks, among others.

This was disclosed on Monday by Mr Alfred Ijah of the NDIC Department of Communication and Public Affairs.

Recall that the NDIC had said on Thursday that it obtained winding-up orders for 96 out of 183 microfinance and primary mortgage banks following the withdrawal of their licenses by the Central Bank of Nigeria(CBN) in May 2023.

The disclosure was made at a sensitisation seminar for Federal High Court judges in Lagos.

Managing Director of NDIC, Bello Hassan said, “As at date, the Corporation had obtained Winding up Orders for 96 out of 183 Micro Finance and Primary Mortgage Banks whose licenses were revoked by the CBN in May 2023, in less than one Year of revocation.”

“We recognise the judiciary as one of our critical stakeholders. With this, when cases are brought before them, they can receive accelerated hearing and proclamation of Justice.”

Speaking further on the development, Ijah said NDIC’s job does not crystalise without the CBN revoking the license of affected banks that breached some of the laws of the apex bank regulator.

Ijah added that the sale of the affected bank assets and the recovering monies owed by debtors is central to the corporation’s ongoing plans to refund depositors of the affected banks.

He said, “When the license is revoked, and we have a winding up order, after everything is done, what we intend to do is that it gives us power to get into the banks and realise their assets.

“In realising assets, we tend to look for people that are owing the banks, the debtors, their assets and sell so that we can pay depositors.

“The (closed) bank already has assets, buildings, cars, etc. When we say realise the asset, we sell the assets to get all the money we can gather to pay depositors their balance.

“It is from sale of the assets and realization of debts from debtors that we will use to pay those people.”

Ijah said the NDIC does not stop at obtaining a winding-up order.

He explained there are several official and legal steps to be taken to ensure depositors are paid.

“There are different things to be done. If CBN has revoked the license, what it tells you is that we are moving to another phase. We have paid depositors. We have gotten a licence to wind down officially and legally. Then, we start selling assets,” he added.

He added that though the NDIC does not “have control over” the time frame of carrying out the proper closure of the affected banks as well as settlement of depositors, its step-by-step procedures will ensure timely refunds to depositors.

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Finance Ministry hosts workshop to optimise performance of MDAs

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In its avowed determination to enhance efficiency, productivity, and accountability in line with the policy thrust of the present administration, the Federal Ministry of Finance has organised a two-day sensitisation workshop on Performance Management System (PMS) for Directors and their Deputies, designed to improve productivity within the organisation.

The Honourable Minister of Finance and Co-ordinating Minister of the Economy, Wale Edun, while declaring the workshop open, stated that the event aims at equipping Directors with the knowledge and skills necessary to effectively implement and manage the Performance Management System, aligning with the Ministry’s goals and objectives.

Represented by the Permanent Secretary, Federal Ministry of Finance, Mrs Lydia Shehu Jafiya, Edun stated further that the workshop will provide a platform for Directors to share best practices, challenges, and experiences, fostering a collaborative and supportive environment.

*We are committed to enhancing the performance and effectiveness of our Directors, and this workshop is a crucial step in achieving that goal. We believe that this sensitisation will have a positive impact on the overall performance of our Ministry and ultimately benefit the citizens we serve,” he said.

Edun informed that the PMS was part of the government’s ongoing efforts to reform and modernise the public service, which he said will provide a framework for setting performance standards, monitoring progress, and evaluating the performance of officers in their various workplaces.

He explained that with the PMS, staff will be held accountable for their performance, and their appraisal will be based on clear and measurable Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). The system will also provide opportunities for training and development to ensure that staff have the necessary skills and competencies to excel in their roles.

“The PMS is expected to improve the overall performance of the public service, enhance the delivery of public services, and promote a culture of excellence and accountability,” the Minister added.

He expressed optimism that the workshop will equip Directors with the knowledge and skills necessary to implement effective strategies for optimal productivity in their respective Departments.

While charging the Directors to take the workshop seriously, as it is crucial in the realization of the Ministry’s Mandate in line with the Renewed Hope Agenda of the President Bola Ahmed Tinubu-led Administration, Edun emphasised the importance of effective performance management in enhancing accountability, transparency, and productivity in the Ministry.

He expressed his confidence that the workshop will have a positive impact on the performance of the Directors and the Ministry as a whole. The Minister encouraged the participants to be open-minded, engage actively in the discussions, and implement the knowledge and skills acquired in enhancing accountability as well as productivity in their respective Departments.

Earlier in his opening remarks, the Ministry’s Permanent Secretary Special Duties, Mr Okokon Ekanem Udo, stated that the Performance Management System has come to stay and that all staff have key roles to play in institutionalising it.

He stated further that the workshop was imperative as it provides an avenue to share ideas, knowledge, and experience in order to be on the same page regarding the implementation of the Ministry’s Performance Management.

The Permanent Secretary noted that the workshop will enable Directors and their Deputies to deeply reflect on key Result Area (KRAs), objectives and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) of their respective Departments/Divisions with a view to restrategising to achieve desired goals in line with the Ministry’s mandate.

Speaking on behalf of Directors, the Director, Economic Research and Policy Management (ERPM), Mrs. Grace Ogbonna described PMS as a move in the right direction as it aims not only at entrenching excellent service delivery to Nigerians but also ensuring the principles of accountability, transparency and imbuement of contemporary methodologies to effectively measure, monitor and optimise our performance in fulfilling our Mandate to the nation.

She thanked the Honourable Minister of Finance and Co-ordinating Minister of the Economy, Mr Wale Edun, the Permanent Secretary, Federal Ministry of Finance, Mrs Lydia Shehu Jafiya and the Permanent Secretary, Special Duties of the Ministry of Finance, Mr Okokon Ekanem Udo, for creating an enabling environment for the successful hosting of the event.

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ABCON seeks SEC’s guidance, collaboration in harmonising digital currency’s P2P FX sector

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The Association of Bureaux De Change Operators of Nigeria (ABCON) has called for Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC’s) guidance and collaboration in harmonising the peer-to-peer (P2P) forex sector in the country.

In an official courtesy visit to the newly appointed SEC Director-General, Dr. Timi Agama, the President of Association of Bureau de Change Operators of Nigeria, ABCON, Aminu Gwadabe congratulated the SEC D-G on his appointment by Mr President his excellency Bola Ahmed Tinubu and quickly highlighted that SEC regulates the sector that is a threat to the continued existence of BDCs in Nigeria through online virtual transactions platforms which gives access to millions of Nigerians to trade in foreign exchange without trace and accountability.

He also explained that ABCON has invested in requisite technology to ensure the continued existence of the business and preserve the integrity of the sub-sector. He opined that the future of BDC’s business is digital currency. The National President of ABCON said that the meeting with the SEC DG and the present executive board of the SEC was a follow up on the earlier online virtual consultation.

Gwadabe explained that ABCON is the umbrella body for all licensed retail foreign exchange dealers established in 1991 to liaise with regulators, relevant stakeholders and security agencies for a transparent retail end forex market.

Gwadabe said, “As at today, there are over 34 million Nigerians dealing in digital currency and the number is rising by about 9% with a huge market of $9 billion annually. There are thousands of multichannel virtual currency FX platforms and none is indigenous to Nigeria, adding that P2P represents individual to individual transaction.

“To automate the entire foreign exchange retail market, ABCON has partnered with the Commodities Exchange Board, in building the platform knowing that they have sources of foreign exchange. ABCON is willing to work with SEC towards achieving full automation of the retail end of the foreign exchange market in Nigeria.

“Hence, in line with changing global business trends and ABCON’s compliance efforts towards technological innovation, the association on behalf of its membership would be pleased to be granted license to operate in digital currency transactions. This would entail that whoever has USDT and wants to trade it should approach licensed BDCs for their transactions.”

Gwadabe said, “ABCON is the umbrella body for all licensed retail foreign exchange dealers, which came into existence in 1991. Our objective is to liaise with our regulators, relevant stakeholders and security agencies as one cannot divorce the retail exchange market from the ecosystem of foreign exchange market seeing that BDC market is global and have been in operation before our independence. It has been there before the creation of the central bank of Nigeria.”

Gwadabe explained that the system came under regulation in 1986 during the administration of former President Ibrahim Babangida, who felt the need to formalise the sector through the issuance of license by the then ministry of finance with the objective to formalising the informal sector.

The SEC DG, Dr Timi Agama, responded with a robust understanding of the ABCON chairman’s speech.

He said, “I understand that ABCON is desirous of setting up a digital market platform with the intention to be part of the emerging digital currency ecosystem in Nigeria. We at the SEC are open to help the sector grow for the love of the country therefore there will be meetings with the relevant departments of the SEC to detail methods and strategies that will strengthen the Naira through necessary innovative ideas as shared by ABCON.”

The SEC DG also reiterated that there are new rules put in place to accommodate local intellectuals to develop digital platforms therefore the SEC will cooperate with ABCON in order to achieve the desired objectives.

Dr Timi who is highly knowledgeable about the virtual currency market and the market makers directed that proposed ABCON presentation and the development of ABCON digital market model named Koletyomoni to be finalised as quickly as possible as there are other interests working underground and should be forwarded to SEC technical team for study and timely review.

He emphasised  on the powers of the government through the SEC and that the agency will not hesitate to use its powers where necessary to keep sanity in the issuance, marketing and trading of securities in Nigeria’s capital market.

ABCON’s technical partner, Oluwasegun Kosemani thanked the SEC DG and his intelligently experienced SEC team which had Wale Ajomale for their warm reception while making it known to SEC that much resources have been allocated to the research and development of the platform and “that we are working on collaborating with every emerging verifiable blocks of the blockchain and cryptocurrency ecosystem in Nigeria like BICCoN, CDIN, SIBAN, DCC, Bitcoin organisations, local peer to peer exchanges and merchants etc.”

He continued, “ABCON’s wealth of experience, operations, KYC, Compliance AML all combined in developing the platform which the main objective is to harmonise data, ensure all digital FX merchants whether USDT, crypto-bitcoin come under a very viable and visible platform that would discourage foul play and certainly government would receive substantial revenue from the transparent legitimate transactions the platform will be facilitating by way of convenience of use tax paid by the operators and clients.”

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