Dr. Mustapha Bintube
Institutional structural change brings about change and that affects health, agriculture, commerce and investment only when the citizens are empowered by the government electroneously (E-) to be resourceful. (Robbert D. Putnam etal 2003), (Robbert D. Putnam, etal 1995), (Rex J. Moore, R. 1967), ( Zimmermann, D.H, 1971).
Readers may pounder about this theory and probably would have asked questions around socialising purely chemistry related concepts and their utilization in social science.
All are achievable through social scientific approach and there is nothing to wonder about because sociology is a counterpart science to physico natural science and as well a science of residual, (Ogunika 2008), (Karl Popper, 1957), (Emile Durkheim, 1912), (Talcot Parsons, 1951).
What about natural science concepts socially theorised, operationalised and practiced as social equilibrium? What about social dynamics density in social space as sociology? Also, (Hogan, 2006) illuminate on Mathematical Sociology which shows the transformation of all social relationship and change into precise mathematical formulae. This branch of sociology, according to (Hoga, 2006), ignores the qualitative transformation in politics, religion and other human activities in which nonlinear activities occur.
He further stressed that, Mathematical Sociology ignores qualitative nature of self fulfilling prophecy in which people believe, trust, hope and act on the expectations that social reality will emerge.
All of these social conditions were deductively migrated from physico natural science to social science to represent social meaning held by an actor and as enablers for the interpretation of the social world as concepts which explain behaviour or human activities, (Karl Popper, 1957), Karl Popper in his book the logic of scientific discovery (1959), (Durkheim and Mauss, M, 1703), Dalton quoted in New system Chemistry breflected in (Tanyintoo etal, 201, p.16-21).
The social PEN has numerous properties and can form and combined webs of structures as a social phenomenon to represent human behaviour.
It enables relations reminiscent of PEN structural dynamics and activities, hence social Atomic PEN Structural dynamics to explain change in individual behaviour and its effects on other possible structures to modify our attitude and social relationships in the society was deductively fused into social science as counterpart science which based its inquiry and arguments based on social reality, (Blumer, 1984).
For instance, we get attracted to people with higher social protoneous P+ capital and the person with social electroneous E- human resource would be attracted by the person with social P+ capital for complementary and supplementary roles. Through that process change would happen and productions are enabled and investments are made easier and possible.
The social PEN structural theory of change is profiled with the basic assumption, theoretical content; methodology and critique. Various theories of social change were reviewed to show social PEN Structural link with them. For instance, the first account of Anomie was in the absence of a body of rules governing between social relations and function and at times, the ills of capitalism have negative (-) social PEN effects; (Durkheim and Mauss, M, 1703).
Diverse Sociological thoughts were examined and compelling Sociological inquiries were made on what force ab initio necessitates structural change and hunched to challenge existing thoughts. The theory argues that any social change, irrespective of its classification, contains social energy of (+-n) and is deeply and inherently rooted in any possible structural change, both apparent social PEN visibility and social PEN invisibility, to inform further change in behaviour.
Sociological theory construction, especially the one applying deductive approach, involves reversal of an existing theory only the one founded on the basis of systematic step-by-step process of induction; (Karl Popper, 1957).
Emphasis is placed on better understanding of social structures to enable social relations and its consequential effects on other Sociological fundamentals to cause change in social PEN
Structures that are Atomic in nature. The social PEN Structural theory of change has concrete variables as the basic components for classification and enumeration for definition of social situations and integration of complexities of social dynamic density of social systems in the society, especially the one involving the social PEN Structures. These are the social energy of Protoneous (P+) with positive social value (+) capital/resource funding, the social energy of Electroneous (E-) with negative social value (-) of human resource or the workforce and the social energy of Neutroneous (n) with neutral social value as norms, synthesizer or caliber for social calibration of a system to attain relative or slow equilibrium. Atom was first mentioned in 460 BC by a Greek philosopher, Democritus and later expanded by Sir John Dalton, (Tayintoo etal 2011), (Talcott Parsons 1973). The theory can explain any social phenomenon with its characteristics for definition and description of human social actions and interpretation of social world for sociological study.
A society lacking in population that is electroneously (E-) drained, especially among officials who are saddled with the responsibility of managing institutions, the social PEN structural theory of change holds that such institutions would experience structural decay, lacking in human social capital and decrease in social bonding, hence creates social PEN invisible structural gaps for doing wrong, thereby affecting institutional goals. Society lacking in social PEN structural formidability, especially its members are bound to experience ills of the society such as delinquency, deviance behaviour, crime, insurgency and terrorism.
This is glaring in so many societies experiencing paucity of social Protoneous (P+) capital funding to fix the pieces for change in structure with tremendous populations lacking in electroneous (E-) element of human resource for control of social ills bedevelling most of the least developed countries. The social PEN theory argues that, social progress of a given society is a thing determined by the quality of her members and entrenched social PEN elements to bring about perfect balancing of social neutroneous (N) to calibrate human activities and social systems driven by collective representation for conscience commune and for the common good of individuals in the society. (Rex J. Moore, R. 1967), ( Zimmermann, D.H, 1971).
Social PEN Theory: Specimen Grounding, Balancing Natural, Social Phenomenon, a Sociological Handshake with Chemistry in Social Scientific Theorizing
The social PEN structure has characteristics of invisibility, visibility and indivisibility made up of ‘Proton, Electron and Neutron’ as its characteristics reversed to deductively periscope social activities of a given group from the viewpoint of the social PEN structural dynamic thus: social Protoneous (P+) social value of capital funding, Social Electroneous (E-) social value of human resource component to enable manpower and social neutroneous N as societal norms, a catalyzer for social calibration and therefore, it is fit for sociological study as Social PEN structure to inform change in human behaviour in the society.
The fact that an Atom exists and it has inherent capacity to rotate on its configuration firmly held by its orbit and in the same direction ignites mobility and social order reminiscent of Parsonian patterns that are ordered; (Parson 1937); so, PEN structure is ordered and consistent to allow the movement of an individual or group of individuals from one social class or stratum to another as they remain socially mobile.
Therefore, the social PEN has the capacity to explain migration, because when a system or structure is pressurized by PEN social forces of (+-n), it moves in the same direction and it allows forming social narratives on movement up or down synonymous with vertical mobility in stratification system; (Kinsley Davis, 1956), Wilbert E. Moore, 1954), ( Hogan, 2006).
Now, let us apply ‘grounded theoretical approach’ to obtain the social values by ‘abstracting and inverting’ the concepts from ‘Atomic property’ while ‘periscoping and inverting’ social phenomenon for study as ‘themes and sub-theme’ to enable us define and to give sufficient description of a phenomenon for ‘operationalization and social scientific theorizing’ for practice.
This formulation has been reinforced by (Babarawooton, 1957) in her study of crime in urban centres vis-à-vis analysis of social mobility. It can generate force (+-n) as social force for projection of phenomena to suggest further change in social PEN fundamental to form and combine in their mass to connote ‘social PEN homogeneous’ to form molecules in their mass to subsequently produce element which means the formation of element is enabled by ‘social PEN heterogeneity’ and complex dynamic density to allow ‘steady and progressive change to inform stages which suggest social PEN structural change’.
An Atom has the strength of having energy for push to further produce social energy for synthesizing element to produce compound and Elements which are of different kinds such as ‘Isotope’ is to their ‘social PEN structural differentiation’ with same Atomic number to depict social PEN structural ‘homogeneity’ and different Atomic mass to their social PEN structural ‘heterogeneity’. (Emile Durkheim 1957)
With the combination of elements to produce compound as social PEN structural formidability and complexity to form and combine matter as a natural phenomenon as ‘ thing’ which defines anything with weight and occupy space, same as Durkhemian social fact in Sociology as ‘thing’ which exist independent of the actors views and his interpretations of the social world as a social phenomenon in social science.
So, an Atom has the capacity for projecting thing to its visible stage in change chain and so the social PEN structure has consequential effects to cause social change. It exists as invisible fibre to form and combine to visibility stage of social existence enabled by the PEN social energy of (+-n) for projection to bring about structural change.