One-party state discourse is anathema
Nigeria’s democratic system, while continually evolving, is founded on the principles of plurality,
participation, and accountability. These tenets are intended to guarantee citizens the right to choose their leaders, to question power, and to participate in governance without fear or restriction.
In this context, recent remarks attributed to Dr Abdullahi Ganduje, National Chairman of the All Progressives Congress (APC), regarding the possibility of Nigeria operating under a one-party system, have prompted debate. Dr Ganduje reportedly suggested that opposition parties should “melt into” the APC, signalling an interest in a dominant-party model.
The comments, which have yet to be publicly clarified or withdrawn, have been met with concern in some quarters, particularly given Dr Ganduje’s position as leader of the ruling party. They have raised questions about the implications such a view could have for Nigeria’s political framework and the role of opposition in governance.
The notion of a one-party state is at odds with the current constitutional structure, which supports multiparty democracy. This system allows for competition, encourages accountability, and provides room for a variety of political perspectives. It is generally regarded as a mechanism that strengthens checks and balances within government.
Nigeria’s historical experience with centralised political authority offers important context. During the military era, particularly under the regime of the late General Sani Abacha, efforts toward political consolidation were accompanied by restrictions on civil liberties. The return to civilian rule in 1999 was widely seen as a corrective to that period, aiming to entrench democratic norms and prevent the re-emergence of authoritarian governance.
Since then, Nigeria has experienced both the advantages and the challenges of multiparty democracy. The transition of power from the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) to the APC in 2015 marked a significant moment in this process, demonstrating that electoral outcomes could reflect public sentiment and hold governing parties to account.
Current political developments, including high-profile defections to the ruling party, have added another layer to the conversation. While party-switching is a recognised aspect of Nigeria’s political culture, frequent movement between parties is often interpreted by observers as a reflection of political pragmatism rather than ideological alignment. This dynamic continues to raise questions about party identity and the motivations behind political affiliation.
Dr Ganduje’s reported reference to China’s single-party model has also generated discussion. China’s developmental trajectory is frequently cited in governance debates, but its political system operates under a different set of norms, with a tightly controlled environment and limited space for dissent. The suggestion that Nigeria might look to this model invites scrutiny, especially given the significant constitutional and cultural differences between the two countries.
It is important to recall that Nigeria’s current democratic system was established through considerable effort, with citizens, civil society groups, and political leaders working over decades to advance the rights and freedoms now protected under law. Any shift in direction, rhetorical or otherwise, inevitably attracts public interest and requires careful consideration.
The National Assembly and other democratic institutions have a role to play in reinforcing Nigeria’s commitment to constitutional principles, including political plurality and electoral fairness. Similarly, civil society organisations continue to contribute to dialogue and oversight, helping to sustain democratic engagement.
As Nigeria continues to navigate complex social, economic, and political challenges, discussions about the structure and future of its democracy are expected. However, any proposals that could affect the balance of political power must be approached transparently and within the framework of the rule of law.
Democratic systems benefit from open debate, institutional stability, and public trust. Preserving a space where diverse views can be expressed and contested remains central to Nigeria’s democratic development.
