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Imo State University, Claretian University scientists address climate change, hunger through phytobiotechnology

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Group of experts led by Professor Kenneth Anchang Yangadi FCAS, fellow of the African Institute for Public Health has described phytobiotechology as the cheapest and safest means of mitigating global climate change, food insecurity and mental health challenges.

Speaking at at a 3-day First International Conference and Workshop on “Phytobiotechology Applications in Climate Change Mitigation,” the Chairman of the International Society for Phytobiotechnology and Public Health said, “Phytobiotechnology involves using green materials from the environment without modifying them through genetic engineering.”

He noted that the goal is to understand plants better, unlock their potential, and package them in a way that is effective without interfering with their natural existence.

“Today’s event is exploiting phytobiotechnology to address climate change impact, climate change problems globally. To a layman, this is a technology where you exploit available green materials from your environment. You understand these green materials, you understand the uses of these green materials, you bring them together without changing the nature of the plants at all.

“You are not modifying anything like what is opposed to genetic engineering. You are not changing any compound or transforming it in a way that is not agreeable with nature or with its natural existence. That is phytobiotechology,” he said.

Professor Kenneth emphasised that everyone depends on plants for food, medicine, clothing and Nigeria has an abundance of medicinal plants that are not being maximised.

He believes that scientists need to properly understand and package plant medicine so it meets global standards without isolating compounds like synthetic medicine does.

“I’m sure there’s no one on earth who doesn’t use plants either as food, either as medicine, clothes, or what have you. So we all depend on plants. And phyto, the word phyto, that prefix means what? Plants, right? So the benefit of this technology now is that we now have knowledge of how to package this plant, how to pick out, bring out the potential hidden in the plant that we are not seeing, and how to put it in such a way that it can give us the best result.

“To do this, we need to bring in science to understand these plants better, proof that they are efficacious, and at the same time, see not just end at that level of saying they are efficacious, but how do we package them together?

“That’s the dichotomy. That’s where scientists are cut off. They don’t understand how to package plants in a way that is effective and at the same time not interfering with its natural existence.

“Nigeria has more than 300,000 medicinal plants, for instance. And there are also plants that may not be medicinal, which I don’t agree with, because every plant has either a nutritional compound, which could be indirectly medicinal as well.

“So Nigeria is not maximising it, because when you mention plants generally in Nigeria, people would think that the connotation and the impression and the perception is something lower, something that is primitive, but then that’s wrong.

“When people say, I don’t want plant medicine, I want medicine that is synthesised from Europe, which is chemicals. Yeah. Orthodox. What they mean by that is that they underrate the plant. They are not confident that plant medicine is effective.

“The message of today’s gathering is that you use plants the way they are, you package it the way they are, but you guarantee that they are effective, they are efficacious and at the same time without interfering with its natural existence. That is a wonderful thing. If we do that, then we can solve most of our problems,” the Imo State University Don explained.

To promote this concept beyond academia, Professor Kenneth aims to involve relevant stakeholders such as farmers who can practice this technology themselves.

He believes in educating and empowering communities by showing them practical results rather than relying on imported products or western-centric perceptions.

In terms of sustainability, the focus is currently on training farmers directly so they can implement these practices themselves.

He also spoke on involving more end-users in order to make this approach sustainable.

“This particular conference is not just academic. That’s why we say we have a conference, but we have a workshop. The workshop is to train people with some skills on how to go back and do it. We want a simple do it yourself approach. And that’s why even in our conference, we have farmers here.

“Farmers representing farmers association in the South-East are here. And they are all here because they want to take something back and do it. So they are already the relevant stakeholders as far as I’m concerned, they are representing more than 2000 farmers. So you can imagine that 2,000 farmers begin to practice this technology. That is wonderful for us.

“My concern is reaching out to all of us. Let’s practice it. You’re a farmer, you can do backyard farming to grow some vegetables behind your house, behind your home. And that is what we want here. If everybody can grow ten to 20 percent of their food that cuts down how much you depend on the market as well.

“That also cuts down carbon emissions when you are growing, especially growing food organically and all that stuff. Now, on the aspect of academic paper, that’s why I also emphasise at the beginning in my preamble and prelude, I said, no, this is not an ordinary academic paper.

“If it were purely academic, you would have seen so much data, but all the things I’m presenting there, you can see that I have my farm. I’m showing you what I did on my farm. So you see my classroom, but you also see my farm. So I’m showing you my experiences.

“My poultry, I feed my poultry with bitter leaf, formulated seeds and all that. I feed my poultry with mushrooms from lettuce, seeds that I grew and all that. And I had only one mortality, but the other next door farm uses antibiotics and they have more than one mortality and all that.

“So I’m trying to say that we should transcend these academics by doing it. How many academics are producing biopesticides from plants and it’s being used in Nigeria? Have you come across a biopesticide that is being marketed in Nigeria, produced by Nigerians? It’s available. All the pesticides that we have, all the insecticides that we have, they are all imported.”

Other stakeholders at the event include, the state chairman of the Farmers Association of Nigeria, Enugu State, Mr Romanus Anayo who expressed gratitude to the organizers and said it serves as an eye-opener on using modern technologies in agriculture.

He noted that farmers have neglected natural resources available to them and emphasised the importance of utilising plants and vegetables to improve agricultural practices. He also suggested that the use of harmful chemicals contributes to climate change and negatively impacts human health.

He therefore urged the government to allocate funds towards innovative farming methods and encouraged support for farmers at the grassroots level.

“By the grace of God this seminar is an eye opener. A lot of things were being passed through as farmers in Nigeria while looking up to using modern technologies to do this thing. While some of the natural things God gave us are around our corner by our backside which can help us improve agriculture in different ways and we abandoned it.

“And today by this very program, this conference, at least this introduction part of it that is done now is an eye opener. Those things our forefathers were doing and they lived longer, very strong.

“So I thank God for this program that is taking us back to the roots where we can use all these natural things God gave us plants, vegetables that we can use to preserve our produce and make better earnings than ever before.

“I’m only begging the federal government let all this quantum money each year, the dollar for farming in papers and in figures, if one 10th of it can be used through this very innovation now, and it will help farmers in a long way and step it down so that those things we are looking for is around us, you just have to discover it and make use of it and will make a good ending life.

“So I thank God for this program and I wish the government should encourage farmers so that this will translate them to the grassroots for farmers to benefit.” Anayo said.

On his part, Prof I.D Choji said, “There is a need for us to revert to and include nature study in our school curricula from primary school. We need to  propagate our indigenous food which are healthier and encourage consumption of indigenous food through advocacy and Publicity.”

Professor Choji added that the government should as a matter of urgency introduce phytobiotechology into university curricula.

Present at the conference were local and international delegates, researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders who discussed “Phytobiotechnology Applications in Climate Change Mitigation,” they are united in the shared goal of exploring and advancing innovative strategies to combat climate change through the application of plant-based biotechnologies

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Education

TETFund installs transplant, urology equipment in 7 teaching hospitals

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The Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFund) has completed the installation of transplant
and urology equipment for the treatment of prostate and kidney stone worth N250 million in seven hospitals.

Alhaji Umar Ali, the contractor handling the supply, who also represented Tetfund, told newsmen shortly after the installation of
the equipment at the Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (AKTH).

He described the gesture as the first in seven government hospitals at a time for the benefit of those seeking health assistance.

He listed other benefitting health institutions to include: Aminu Kano (now Bayero Teaching Hospital University) (BUK), Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Bauchi, Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) Zaria, University of Abuja, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin.

Others are: University of Jos Teaching Hospital; and University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri.

He said that those seeking treatment for kidney stone, and kidney failure are on the increase on daily basis, hence intervention by Tetfund to find a lasting solution to their health challenges.

According to him, the fund has installed the equipment, tested and discovered to be in good working condition.

He added that “doctors have started using the equipment for research and practicals in the university, but all credits go to Tetfund, because without their intervention, it may not have been possible.”

Prof. Sani Aji from Bayero University, Kano, said with the modern technology, there may not be any need to cut open any patient.

He said that “before now, after patients have been operated on, they will stay in the hospital for like between 10-12 days before discharge, but now, they can go the same day of the operation if there is no complications.

“Very few centres have the facilities and they are all private, but with Tetfund intervention, this laser surgery will help a lot.”

On his part, Dr Przemyslaw Zugaj, one of the medical personnel invited from Poland to train doctors on how to handle the laser equipment on patients when conducting surgeries.

Zugaj explained that the surgery will destroy stones in the kidney and patients are checked properly, while it may not be necessary to repeat the surgery and it is cheaper.

He said with proper handling of the laser machine, there will not be need to open up patients, but carry out the operation successfully without bleeding.

One of the participants, Prof. Samuel Osaghae, also a Consultant Urologist from University of Benin, described the intervention as a special project.

He said the installation would facilitate indoor urology centre for kidney, urethra bladder and prostate, which would impact healthcare delivery in Nigeria positively.

Dr Haruna Usman from Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Bauchi, said the gesture would be extended to other communities.

“This will reduce waste of resources and people will no longer need to travel out for surgeries,” he said.

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Education

2024 WASSCE begins April 30 with 1,814,344 candidates

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The West African Examinations Council (WAEC) says that 1,814,344 candidates from 22,239 schools,  registered for the 2024 West African Senior School Certificate Examination (WASSCE).

The council’s Head of National Office (HNO), Dr Josiah Dangut stated this at a pre-examination interactive session with newsmen on Monday in Lagos.

He disclosed that candidates would be examined in 76 subjects, made up of 197 papers, with about 30,000 practicing Senior Secondary school teachers, nominated by various Ministries of Education, to supervise the examination.

“I want to intimate you all about the level of readiness of council, for its upcoming 2024 WASSCE (school candidates).

“All is now set for the commencement of  the examination,  fixed for Tuesday, April 30 to Monday, June 24 in Nigeria, spanning seven weeks and six days.

“This examination will be conducted in four WAEC member countries, namely, Nigeria, Gambia, Sierra-Leone and Liberia.

“Out of the total number of candidates that registered for the examination, 902,328 are males, while 912,016 others are females,” he stated.

According to him, the statistics shows that there is a further increase in the number of females and males that registered for the examination respectively, when compared to what was obtained in 2023.

Dangut added that on the whole, the candidature for this year, increased by 192,948.

The WAEC boss noted that in line with the directive of the Federal Government, the National Identification Number (NIN) was made a component of the registration process.

He added that the registration portal allowed candidates to submit their NIN.

On the issue of insecurity during the conduct of the examination nationwide, Dangut explained that council had stepped up efforts in ensuring extra security arrangements, especially in security prone areas.

“We cannot feign ignorance of the level of insecurity in the country.

“Conducting examinations has been challenging. Instances of insecurity exist in many places across the country and conducting examinations in insecurity-prone areas would require extra security arrangements.

“Consequently, we are liaising with the Inspector General of Police (IGP) and state governments, to provide adequate security to ensure that the examination is conducted nationally, in a safe and secured  environment,” he said.

On the issue of examination malpractice, the HNO warned that council would not hesitate to deal decisively with candidates and examination functionaries,  who engaged in such act.

According to him, penalties for involvement in examination malpractice are meted out on erring candidates, supervisors and schools, upon establishment of culpability, by the Nigeria Examinations Committee (NEC).

“The NEC is the highest decision-making organ of the council, that sits on examination matters in Nigeria.

“The council, on its part, has rolled out several awareness campaigns nationwide and organised seminars for school proprietors, principals, students and other key stakeholders, to sensitize them on the immediate and long-drawn effects of examination malpractice.

“Similarly, flyers, banners, posters and other forms of reminders to further keep the message fresh in the minds of all stakeholders and candidates sitting the examination have been rolled out.

“It is therefore, on this note that, I call on parents and guardians to encourage their wards to study diligently and desist from engaging in any form of examination malpractices.

“The mass media must come in handy, as efforts to rid our nation of this menace is a collective responsibility.

“The various ministries of education should call their principals, teachers and other officials serving as inspectors and/or supervisors, to order,” he said.

He also urged school principals and teachers to sensitize their students on the dangers of engaging in what he described as ‘terrible crime’ against humanity.

“Every candidate and examination functionary must play by the rules, which are well stipulated in the WAEC examination Syllabuses and Guidelines, for the conduct of examination, issued to schools.

“Erring schools would be derecognised, erring officials adequately punished, while erring candidates would lose their results, if found culpable,” he warned.

He also warned all operators of rogue websites to desist from their acts,  noting that WAEC would not condone their heinous acts, during the conduct of the forthcoming examination.

“Parents are hereby cautioned to desist from patronising these evil-doers, who are hell-bent on frustrating the efforts of WAEC,” he said.

According to him, to further provide resource materials to aid candidates’ learning, WAEC has now introduced a compilation of past questions, with the marking schemes.

He noted that with the development, council was optimistic that candidates would use the booklets to enhance their study and preparedness for the examination.

The HNO added that already, WAEC had made available, its e-learning portal to assist candidates by providing learning materials, that would equip them with the requirements and expectations needed to write and pass their examination.

Dangut noted that this was with a view to proffering general guidance to teachers and other stakeholders.

“Students’ performances on previous examinations are analyzed, with regard to their general strengths and weaknesses, providing expert advice on the requirements for answering WASSCE questions.

“Candidates should visit https://WAEConline.org.ng for this service,” he said.

On the release of results, the HNO said in tune with council’s recent tradition, the results of candidates sitting the examination would be released, 45 days after the conduct of the last paper.

Dangut said that certificates would be printed and issued to schools in less than 90 days,  after the release of results.

“Meanwhile, the results will be released alongside the digital copies of candidates’ certificates, which can be accessed on the Digital Certificate platform.

“I, therefore, ask that all hands be on deck, to ensure that WASSCE for School Candidates, 2024, is hitch-free.

“However, non-adherence to the registration deadline is still a lingering challenge in preparation for examinations.

“It may surprise you to hear that even though entries were floated by Dec. 5, 2023 and the registration exercise was scheduled to finally end on April 3, the council continued to extend its deadline on registration until late April, due to requests from different stakeholders.

“Such actions impact negatively on the preparation of pre-examination, examination and post-examination materials.

“The council, in collaboration with the Federal Ministry of Education, the State Ministries of Education, the Nigeria Police, other security agencies and other stakeholders, would do all it can, to deliver on its mandate to conduct a credible examinations to the Nigerian child and the general public,” he said.

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Education

UK varsity offers Nigerians N44m scholarships

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The University of East Anglia, situated in Norwich, United Kingdom, has announced a £33,150 (N44.3 million) worth of scholarships and travel costs of £4000 (N5.3 million) to Nigerians and other applicants seeking masters in Plant and Health in its institution.

The funding, according to information gathered on the school’s website on Wednesday, is the David Sainsbury Scholarships in Global Plant Health, which is fully funded for students planning to travel to the UK for study.

The scholarship also covers postgraduate researcher stipend level, which they said would be determined later for the session of admission, adding that the previous academic year was £18,622.

The university also noted that the application is for the 2024/2025 Academic Session, which will begin in September.

While wooing prospective and eligible applicants, the school wrote, “The Sainsbury Laboratory (TSL) offers the prestigious David Sainsbury Scholarships in Global Plant Health to a limited number of applicants on the MSc in Global Plant Health.

“Each full scholarship will cover up to the full cost of the tuition fee (£33,150 for 2024-25), maintenance grant (exact value at the UKRI postgraduate researcher stipend level to be determined for 2024-25; in 2023-24, it was £18,622), and an additional £4,000 for travel costs (subject to valid economy class travel receipts).

“You are eligible for a full scholarship under these terms if you meet all these criteria: You are in receipt of an offer of a place on the UEA MSc in Global Plant Health; You are a national of or domiciled in a least-developed, low-income, or lower-middle-income country or territory as defined by the Overseas Development Agency Development Assistance Committee (DAC) list, version 2024-25 for entry in 2024-25 academic year.

“There are a limited number of scholarships available, and these will be awarded throughout the year, so you are advised to apply early.”

The institution further added that once the criteria for admission are met, the applicants are eligible for receipts of an offer of a place on the UEA MSc in Global Plant Health.

It further advised that more scholarships will be updated on their website in May while encouraging applicants to always check for updates.

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