It has been barely four years since the COVID-19 pandemic struck the world and Nigeria, and we are still grappling with its aftereffects. The situation has been further compounded by the emergence of Lassa fever, cholera, and now MPOX, each bringing its own set of challenges and devastations.
The question that arises is: why are we experiencing such a plethora of health crises? Is there a fundamental issue with how we manage our health and resources compared to Western countries?
One potential answer lies in the quality of leadership and governance, which often fails to address the fundamental needs that support development. Providing essential services like clean drinking water and standard healthcare facilities is crucial for enhancing public health.
Specifically, from January 2024 to the present, Nigeria has recorded 4,726 cases of Lassa fever across 27 states and the Federal Capital Territory, resulting in 142 deaths, including 31 healthcare workers.
Lassa fever, a viral illness transmitted by rats in unsanitary environments, highlights the dire need for better living conditions. Areas such as Ajegunle, Maruko, and Bariga in Lagos State, as well as Diobu and the waterfronts in Rivers State, exemplify the challenging conditions contributing to these outbreaks.
Cholera remains another significant health challenge, with over 815 cases and 14 deaths reported this year alone. This bacterial disease, spread through contaminated food and water, underscores the critical need for reliable potable water sources. The lack of basic infrastructure, such as pipe-borne water, further exacerbates the problem, making it imperative for leaders to address these infrastructural deficits.
The arrival of MPOX, a disease transmitted from animals to humans, including through sexual contact, adds another layer of concern. With 40 cases reported and no deaths yet, it raises questions about how such diseases are spreading and what preventive measures are in place. The recent acquisition of 10,000 doses of MPOX vaccine from the USA prompts a further question: why is Nigeria not developing its own vaccines?
The research capabilities of Nigerian universities, such as innovations from Engr. Dr. Vincent Onuegbu Izionworu and Prof. Falilatu Taiwo Ademiluyi, are underutilised. These scholars have developed solutions for corrosion and alternative fuel sources, yet their work remains largely ignored by relevant authorities.
To combat these health crises effectively, the government must focus on providing basic amenities, such as clean water, public toilets to prevent open defecation, and well-equipped healthcare centres.
Additionally, incorporating hygiene education into the school curriculum can instill lifelong practices in young Nigerians. Health inspectors should also be actively engaged in monitoring sanitary conditions to prevent outbreaks.
By addressing these fundamental issues and leveraging local expertise, Nigeria can make significant strides in reducing the prevalence of epidemics and improving overall public health. The time to act is now!