By Sodiq Adelakun
The World Bank said Nigeria’s growth has been affected by macro-economic issues such as problems caused by the naira redesign, issues around foreign exchange shortages and the persistently high inflation rate.
This was revealed in its global economic prospects for Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) report for June 2023 where it added that this dampened growth was also experienced in Angola and South Africa, as it stated that growth in these three countries which are the largest SSA economies slowed to 2.8 per cent in 2022.
The report added that the fragile and incomplete recoveries from earlier adverse economic and climate shocks in many countries, have been weakened by high and persistent inflation, further tightening of global financial conditions, domestic policy tightening, and flare ups of violence and social unrest in some countries.
“The post-pandemic rebound in Nigeria’s non oil sector cooled earlier this year because of persistently high inflation, foreign exchange shortages, and shortages of banknotes caused by currency redesign,” it stated.
In addition, it said the growth momentum was further stalled amid lower energy prices and stagnant oil production.
According to the Bretton Woods Institutions, growth in SSA is expected to decline further to 3.2 per cent in 2023 before picking up to 3.9 percent in 2024.
“Growth in Nigeria is expected to remain barely above the population growth—far slower than needed to make significant inroads into mitigating extreme poverty,” it added.
For the three largest economies in SSA, the Bank said the average per capita income growth in 2023-2024 is not expected to exceed 0.5 per cent hence prospects for poverty reduction in the region remain bleak, with almost 40 per cent of SSA’s population living in countries with lower per capita incomes next year than in 2019.
In addition, the World Bank said the outlook downgrades extend beyond the major regional economies with elevated cost of living restraining private consumption and tighter policies holding back investment inflow.
“Growth in SSA continued to decelerate earlier this year owing to various country-specific challenges and heightened external economic headwinds; worsened domestic vulnerabilities together with tight global financial conditions and weak global growth are expected to keep recoveries subdued,” it stated.
President, World Bank Group, Ajay Banga, said the surest way to reduce poverty and spread prosperity is through employment; however slower growth makes job creation much harder.
On a global level, the World Bank states that growth is projected to decelerate from 3.1 per cent in 2022 to 2.1 percent in 2023.
Chief Economist and Senior Vice President, World Bank Group, Indermit Gill, said in emerging markets and developing economies, debt pressures are growing due to higher interest rates, adding that fiscal weaknesses have already tipped many low-income countries into debt distress.
“The world economy is in a precarious position, in 2023, trade will grow at less than a third of its pace in the years before the pandemic; the financing needs to achieve the sustainable development goals are far greater than even the most optimistic projections of private investment,” Indermit said.
Similarly, Deputy Chief Economist, World Bank Group, Ayhan Kose, said many developing economies are struggling to cope with weak growth, persistently high inflation, and record debt levels amid the possibility of more widespread spillovers from renewed financial stress in advanced economies which could make matters even worse for them.
“Policy makers in these economies should act promptly to prevent financial contagion and reduce near-term domestic vulnerabilities,” Kose said.