Nigeria’s 1999 Constitution has more than 300 sections that define how the country is governed and what rights citizens have.
But while some provisions are widely known, others quietly shape the system without most Nigerians realizing it. From citizenship rules to legal immunity, a few clauses in the Constitution might surprise you.
We picked 5 that you really should know.
Section 6(6)(c)
The Non-justiciability rule
Section 6(6)(c) of the Constitution limits the power of courts to question whether the government has fulfilled certain constitutional objectives. These objectives include ideals like security, welfare of citizens, social justice, free education, and national development.
Because of this rule, citizens generally cannot sue the government in court simply for failing to achieve these goals. The provision makes many of these principles more like guiding policies rather than rights that can be directly enforced in court.
Section 10
No national or state religion
Section 10 of the Constitution states that the government of the federation or of any state shall not adopt any religion as an official religion. This provision protects Nigeria’s religious diversity and ensures that citizens are free to practice any faithor none at all without government pressure.
It also means that the state cannot legally enforce religious practices or laws as official government policy. Despite this, many Nigerians are unaware that the Constitution clearly establishes this separation.
Section 26
Citizenship through marriage
Nigeria’s Constitution allows a foreigner married to a Nigerian man to apply for citizenship by registration.
However, the same rule does not apply the other way around. If a Nigerian woman marries a foreign man, her husband cannot obtain citizenship through her.
Applicants must also be of good character, intend to live in Nigeria, and take the Oath of Allegiance.
Section 35(6)
Compensation & public apology
If you’re unlawfully arrested or detained, the Constitution entitles you to compensation and a public apology. This isn’t just about money, the apology must come from the authority responsible.
Most Nigerians don’t know this right exists, so many accept detention quietly without claiming what they are owed.
Knowing this can empower you to demand accountability.
Section 308
The Immunity clause
Section 308 of the Constitution grants legal immunity to the President, Vice-President, Governors, and Deputy Governors while they are in office. During their tenure, no civil or criminal case can be filed against them, and they cannot be arrested, imprisoned, or compelled to appear in court.
This means that even when allegations arise, legal action must usually wait until they leave office. The provision is meant to allow them focus on governance without legal distractions, but it has also been widely debated.
Did you know any of these before?
Which other hidden provisions should every Nigerian know?
Drop your thoughts below!