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Education

2022: After one calender year, basic, secondary education still in shambles

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By Sodiq Adelakun

Nigeria’s education sector has undergone a lot of reforms and advancement. Number of primary, secondary and tertiary academic institutions has grown exponentially. Especially with the privatisation policy which enabled individuals and corporate bodies to establish schools, the quality of education leaves much to be desired.

However, the challenges facing education sectors in the Country are many. They range from poor infrastructure to industrial unrest, cultism, exam malpractices,corruption, maladministration, among others.

Nigeria’s public education sector is insensible while the private sector is also tottering.

It was gathered that there is no adequate staffing of the public schools in Nigeria from primary to tertiary level.

According to an academic, Jide Ojo,“There are many schools that depend on youth corps members to bridge the staffing gap. Yet, many of these corps members are not trained teachers and are only on the ground for one year of their service.

“Even in some cases where the Parent Teacher Association of the schools has offered to augment the teaching staff, there is no much commitment from the temporary staff due to their poor conditions of service.”

The latest data of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) says the current number of out of school children in the Country is 20 million.

UNESCO, which says a new and improved methodology was used to arrive at the latest figures, said there are “244 million children and youth between the ages of 6 and 18 worldwide (who) are still out of school, with India, Nigeria and Pakistan having the highest figures of out-of-school children globally.”

Poverty, lack of schools, insecurity and tradition, among others, are the major factors pushing many children out of school.

Daily, during school hours, many underage children who are supposed to be in school, are seen in traffic selling sachet water and assorted drinks; in mechanic workshops and markets learning trade. Some beg for alms in between traffic, others carry loads for a fee in markets, while many are on the streets looking haggard, with some at bus stops ready to snatch bags from commuters.

In the North-East of Nigeria, only 41 per cent of eligible girls receive primary education. The figure is 47 per cent in the North-West. Social attitudes also impact negatively education rates, especially in northern Nigeria.

In North-eastern and North-western states, 29 per cent and 35 per cent of muslim children, respectively, attend Qur’anic schools, which do not include basic education skills, such as literacy and numeracy. These children are officially considered out of school by the government.

According to UBEC data, 37.82 per cent of primary school teachers are unqualified. The highest documented percentage of unqualified teachers at primary education level was in the Northwest (42.52 per cent), Southeast (41.82 per cent), and South-south (38.83 per cent). North-central Nigeria had the most percentage of qualified teachers at primary education level.

Some of the teachers are themselves also not competent. Not everyone is gifted to impart knowledge and as such mere recruitment of teachers is not enough, but the competence of those being deployed to teach in our schools.

In junior secondary education, the figure corresponds to 24 per cent of unqualified faculty. Most of the unqualified teachers were in the South-south (29.23 per cent), Northwest (24.76 per cent), and Southwest (23.72 percent). With this percentage of unqualified teachers at primary and junior secondary education levels in Nigeria, one can only imagine the quality of essential education received in the country. Not to mention, the dismal teacher to learner ratio in the country.

According to UBEC, the teacher-learner ratio for Nigeria at ECCDE level is 1:630. Although the ratio is lower at primary school and junior secondary levels, it is still poor. Teacher-learner ratio at primary school level in Nigeria is 1:72; at junior secondary school level, it is 1:42.

According to the United Nations Children Fund (UNICEF), Nigeria has 18.5 million out-of-school children, the highest number in the world and out of the figure, 10 million are girls.

The Chief of UNICEF Field Office in Kano, Rahama Farah, stated this at a media dialogue on Girls’ Education under the Girls’ Education Project 3, GEP three funded by the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, FCDO and implemented by UNICEF. For those lucky to be in school, their condition is also not enviable given the situation of public schools in the country.

Only recently, the Universal Basic Education Commission (UBEC) said 50 per cent of schools in Nigeria lack basic furniture.

On May, 2022, the National President of the National Association of Parent-Teacher Association of Nigeria, (NAPTAN), Alhaji Haruna Danjuma, decried the manner some State Governments are implementing the Basic Education Policy of the government whereby pupils and students in primary and junior secondary schools are to enjoy free education and are given textbooks in some core subjects.

“Some States are not doing well in that respect. They have abandoned the programme. They are not funding education as it ought to be funded. Even counterpart funds that some states should put down to complement the funds from UBEC are not provided. Some states have even misused UBEC funds and are suspended from getting further grants.

“We are talking now about our tertiary institutions that are grounded by workers’ strikes, the basic education level, which is the foundation, is not faring better too. Something urgent must be done to redress the situation before the sector collapses finally,” he noted.

Recently, history was added basic education curriculum after 13 years.

The Minister of Education, Mallam Adamu Adamu, lamented the about his inability to provide solutions to the numerous challenges facing his sector, can actually claim this moment as a worthy achievement.

Lack of adequate welfare of both teaching and non-teaching staff in educational institutions have also impacted negatively on their productivity.

Some States are owing teachers’ salaries and allowances. As I write this, the Academic Staff Union of Universities has been on strike over the non-implementation of the union’s agreement reached with the Federal Government since 2009 as well as the attempt by the government to force them to enrol on the Integrated Payroll and Personnel Information System. This industrial unrest is impacting negatively on the smooth operation of Nigeria’s public universities.

Exam malpractices have been a worrisome development in our academia. Some students engage other people called ‘mercenaries’ to write external exams such as West Africa Secondary School Certificate Examination as well as National Examination Council examination for them.

In order to considerably reduce these incidences, the Joint Admission and Matriculation Board (JAMB) has had to insist that all its approved Computer-Based Test(CBT) centres for its Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination should have Closed Circuit Television cameras. Despite that, JAMB in December 2019 accused some of the CBT centres of fiddling with the CCTV cameras in order to aid examination malpractices.

Hooliganism and cultism are another twin cankerworm that has eaten deep into the fabric of students of secondary and tertiary institutions in Nigeria. This is more rampant in public academic institutions. Hooliganism is often on display during secondary school sports fiestas such as Inter-House Sports and inter-school sports competitions. Cult clashes in our universities, polytechnics and colleges of education are also rampant.

Though cultism has been banned on campus, many of the groups defy the ban to clash with rival groups leaving in their trail sorrows, tears and blood and leaving the school community in palpable fear.

Corruption allegations are very rife in our academic institutions These are usually perpetrated by the leadership of the schools namely Headmasters, Principals, Provosts, Rectors or Vice Chancellors. Some of them impose illegal levies on their pupils and students. Even the government grants to the schools are sometimes mismanaged.

The 2017 Auditor General of the Federation report fingered many Vice Chancellors of corrupt practices as many of them failed to remit the 25 per cent of their internally generated revenue to government’s coffers.

Recall that the recent crisis that led to the removal of the immediate past Vice Chancellor of University of Lagos bordered on alleged corruption and maladministration.

By far the greatest challenge facing our education sector in Nigeria is the lack of adequate infrastructure. Many of the school buildings are dilapidated while the school environments are in deplorable conditions.

According to 2022 reports, many schools do not have good laboratories, libraries, classrooms or lecture theatres. Where they exist, they are overstretched due to the exponential increase in the students’ population.

Although the Federal Government has set up the Universal Basic Education Commission as well as Tertiary Education Trust Fund as interventionist agencies to support the grossly inadequate budgetary allocations to the education sector, these agencies have not been able to provide enough financial succour to the numerous schools needing their support.

In November 30, 2022, the Education Minister Adamu Adamu announced a government plan to abolish instruction in English on primary schools in favour of Nigeria’s local languages.

Presently, Nigeria is burdened with the highest population of out of school children in the world with most of those children residing in the North. To be a graduate in Nigeria, one would have to go through primary education, secondary education and tertiary education.

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Education

TETFund installs transplant, urology equipment in 7 teaching hospitals

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The Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFund) has completed the installation of transplant
and urology equipment for the treatment of prostate and kidney stone worth N250 million in seven hospitals.

Alhaji Umar Ali, the contractor handling the supply, who also represented Tetfund, told newsmen shortly after the installation of
the equipment at the Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano (AKTH).

He described the gesture as the first in seven government hospitals at a time for the benefit of those seeking health assistance.

He listed other benefitting health institutions to include: Aminu Kano (now Bayero Teaching Hospital University) (BUK), Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Bauchi, Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) Zaria, University of Abuja, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin.

Others are: University of Jos Teaching Hospital; and University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri.

He said that those seeking treatment for kidney stone, and kidney failure are on the increase on daily basis, hence intervention by Tetfund to find a lasting solution to their health challenges.

According to him, the fund has installed the equipment, tested and discovered to be in good working condition.

He added that “doctors have started using the equipment for research and practicals in the university, but all credits go to Tetfund, because without their intervention, it may not have been possible.”

Prof. Sani Aji from Bayero University, Kano, said with the modern technology, there may not be any need to cut open any patient.

He said that “before now, after patients have been operated on, they will stay in the hospital for like between 10-12 days before discharge, but now, they can go the same day of the operation if there is no complications.

“Very few centres have the facilities and they are all private, but with Tetfund intervention, this laser surgery will help a lot.”

On his part, Dr Przemyslaw Zugaj, one of the medical personnel invited from Poland to train doctors on how to handle the laser equipment on patients when conducting surgeries.

Zugaj explained that the surgery will destroy stones in the kidney and patients are checked properly, while it may not be necessary to repeat the surgery and it is cheaper.

He said with proper handling of the laser machine, there will not be need to open up patients, but carry out the operation successfully without bleeding.

One of the participants, Prof. Samuel Osaghae, also a Consultant Urologist from University of Benin, described the intervention as a special project.

He said the installation would facilitate indoor urology centre for kidney, urethra bladder and prostate, which would impact healthcare delivery in Nigeria positively.

Dr Haruna Usman from Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Bauchi, said the gesture would be extended to other communities.

“This will reduce waste of resources and people will no longer need to travel out for surgeries,” he said.

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Education

2024 WASSCE begins April 30 with 1,814,344 candidates

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The West African Examinations Council (WAEC) says that 1,814,344 candidates from 22,239 schools,  registered for the 2024 West African Senior School Certificate Examination (WASSCE).

The council’s Head of National Office (HNO), Dr Josiah Dangut stated this at a pre-examination interactive session with newsmen on Monday in Lagos.

He disclosed that candidates would be examined in 76 subjects, made up of 197 papers, with about 30,000 practicing Senior Secondary school teachers, nominated by various Ministries of Education, to supervise the examination.

“I want to intimate you all about the level of readiness of council, for its upcoming 2024 WASSCE (school candidates).

“All is now set for the commencement of  the examination,  fixed for Tuesday, April 30 to Monday, June 24 in Nigeria, spanning seven weeks and six days.

“This examination will be conducted in four WAEC member countries, namely, Nigeria, Gambia, Sierra-Leone and Liberia.

“Out of the total number of candidates that registered for the examination, 902,328 are males, while 912,016 others are females,” he stated.

According to him, the statistics shows that there is a further increase in the number of females and males that registered for the examination respectively, when compared to what was obtained in 2023.

Dangut added that on the whole, the candidature for this year, increased by 192,948.

The WAEC boss noted that in line with the directive of the Federal Government, the National Identification Number (NIN) was made a component of the registration process.

He added that the registration portal allowed candidates to submit their NIN.

On the issue of insecurity during the conduct of the examination nationwide, Dangut explained that council had stepped up efforts in ensuring extra security arrangements, especially in security prone areas.

“We cannot feign ignorance of the level of insecurity in the country.

“Conducting examinations has been challenging. Instances of insecurity exist in many places across the country and conducting examinations in insecurity-prone areas would require extra security arrangements.

“Consequently, we are liaising with the Inspector General of Police (IGP) and state governments, to provide adequate security to ensure that the examination is conducted nationally, in a safe and secured  environment,” he said.

On the issue of examination malpractice, the HNO warned that council would not hesitate to deal decisively with candidates and examination functionaries,  who engaged in such act.

According to him, penalties for involvement in examination malpractice are meted out on erring candidates, supervisors and schools, upon establishment of culpability, by the Nigeria Examinations Committee (NEC).

“The NEC is the highest decision-making organ of the council, that sits on examination matters in Nigeria.

“The council, on its part, has rolled out several awareness campaigns nationwide and organised seminars for school proprietors, principals, students and other key stakeholders, to sensitize them on the immediate and long-drawn effects of examination malpractice.

“Similarly, flyers, banners, posters and other forms of reminders to further keep the message fresh in the minds of all stakeholders and candidates sitting the examination have been rolled out.

“It is therefore, on this note that, I call on parents and guardians to encourage their wards to study diligently and desist from engaging in any form of examination malpractices.

“The mass media must come in handy, as efforts to rid our nation of this menace is a collective responsibility.

“The various ministries of education should call their principals, teachers and other officials serving as inspectors and/or supervisors, to order,” he said.

He also urged school principals and teachers to sensitize their students on the dangers of engaging in what he described as ‘terrible crime’ against humanity.

“Every candidate and examination functionary must play by the rules, which are well stipulated in the WAEC examination Syllabuses and Guidelines, for the conduct of examination, issued to schools.

“Erring schools would be derecognised, erring officials adequately punished, while erring candidates would lose their results, if found culpable,” he warned.

He also warned all operators of rogue websites to desist from their acts,  noting that WAEC would not condone their heinous acts, during the conduct of the forthcoming examination.

“Parents are hereby cautioned to desist from patronising these evil-doers, who are hell-bent on frustrating the efforts of WAEC,” he said.

According to him, to further provide resource materials to aid candidates’ learning, WAEC has now introduced a compilation of past questions, with the marking schemes.

He noted that with the development, council was optimistic that candidates would use the booklets to enhance their study and preparedness for the examination.

The HNO added that already, WAEC had made available, its e-learning portal to assist candidates by providing learning materials, that would equip them with the requirements and expectations needed to write and pass their examination.

Dangut noted that this was with a view to proffering general guidance to teachers and other stakeholders.

“Students’ performances on previous examinations are analyzed, with regard to their general strengths and weaknesses, providing expert advice on the requirements for answering WASSCE questions.

“Candidates should visit https://WAEConline.org.ng for this service,” he said.

On the release of results, the HNO said in tune with council’s recent tradition, the results of candidates sitting the examination would be released, 45 days after the conduct of the last paper.

Dangut said that certificates would be printed and issued to schools in less than 90 days,  after the release of results.

“Meanwhile, the results will be released alongside the digital copies of candidates’ certificates, which can be accessed on the Digital Certificate platform.

“I, therefore, ask that all hands be on deck, to ensure that WASSCE for School Candidates, 2024, is hitch-free.

“However, non-adherence to the registration deadline is still a lingering challenge in preparation for examinations.

“It may surprise you to hear that even though entries were floated by Dec. 5, 2023 and the registration exercise was scheduled to finally end on April 3, the council continued to extend its deadline on registration until late April, due to requests from different stakeholders.

“Such actions impact negatively on the preparation of pre-examination, examination and post-examination materials.

“The council, in collaboration with the Federal Ministry of Education, the State Ministries of Education, the Nigeria Police, other security agencies and other stakeholders, would do all it can, to deliver on its mandate to conduct a credible examinations to the Nigerian child and the general public,” he said.

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Education

UK varsity offers Nigerians N44m scholarships

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The University of East Anglia, situated in Norwich, United Kingdom, has announced a £33,150 (N44.3 million) worth of scholarships and travel costs of £4000 (N5.3 million) to Nigerians and other applicants seeking masters in Plant and Health in its institution.

The funding, according to information gathered on the school’s website on Wednesday, is the David Sainsbury Scholarships in Global Plant Health, which is fully funded for students planning to travel to the UK for study.

The scholarship also covers postgraduate researcher stipend level, which they said would be determined later for the session of admission, adding that the previous academic year was £18,622.

The university also noted that the application is for the 2024/2025 Academic Session, which will begin in September.

While wooing prospective and eligible applicants, the school wrote, “The Sainsbury Laboratory (TSL) offers the prestigious David Sainsbury Scholarships in Global Plant Health to a limited number of applicants on the MSc in Global Plant Health.

“Each full scholarship will cover up to the full cost of the tuition fee (£33,150 for 2024-25), maintenance grant (exact value at the UKRI postgraduate researcher stipend level to be determined for 2024-25; in 2023-24, it was £18,622), and an additional £4,000 for travel costs (subject to valid economy class travel receipts).

“You are eligible for a full scholarship under these terms if you meet all these criteria: You are in receipt of an offer of a place on the UEA MSc in Global Plant Health; You are a national of or domiciled in a least-developed, low-income, or lower-middle-income country or territory as defined by the Overseas Development Agency Development Assistance Committee (DAC) list, version 2024-25 for entry in 2024-25 academic year.

“There are a limited number of scholarships available, and these will be awarded throughout the year, so you are advised to apply early.”

The institution further added that once the criteria for admission are met, the applicants are eligible for receipts of an offer of a place on the UEA MSc in Global Plant Health.

It further advised that more scholarships will be updated on their website in May while encouraging applicants to always check for updates.

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